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Recommended Vaccination Schedules for a Comprehensive Dairy Herd Health Program
Feeding practices, management styles, health care
programs, and facilities vary greatly among dairy
operations. Because of this, the degrees of stress,
the patterns of disease resistance, and pathogen exposure
are variable and unique to each operation. Consequently,
there is no one size fits all vaccination program, but each
program must be tailor-made to fit the individual needs of
each dairy.
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Disease Protection of Baby Calves
A successful cow/calf operation requires that a large
percentage of cows wean a live calf every year. A
live calf at weaning time requires survival of the
offspring from birth to weaning. USDA beef researchers and
rancher surveys report that diseases, including scours and
pneumonia, were the second leading cause of baby calf
deaths. Difficulty at birth was the single largest source of
death loss.
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Beef Cattle Ectoparasites
The beef cattle industry in Oklahoma loses millions of
dollars annually due to external parasites. These
losses result from reduced performance due to
blood loss, irritation and annoyance. Indirectly, diseases
affecting cattle, dogs, and humans may be transmitted by
external parasites of beef cattle.
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Coccidiosis in Cattle
Economics: Coccidiosis in cattle is one of the five
most economically important diseases of the cattle
industry. It is estimated to cost the industry $100
million or more annually.
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Foot Rot in Grazing Cattle
oot rot is a subacute or acute necrotic (decaying)
infectious disease of cattle, causing swelling and
lameness in one or more feet. The disease can
become chronic, with a poorer prognosis for recovery if
treatment is delayed, which results in deeper structures of the
toe becoming affected. Weight gain is significantly reduced
when grazing cattle contract the disease. In one three-year
study, Brazle (1993) reported that affected steers gained 2.3
lbs. per day, while steers not affected gained 2.76 lbs. per day.
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Johne's Disease -- An Emerging Disease of Oklahoma Cattle
Johne’s Disease (pronounced yo-nee’s) is a disease of the intestinal tract of cattle and other ruminants. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an acid fast bacteria very similar to the organism that causes tuberculosis in man and animals.
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Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans
and animals. There are typically 100-200
human cases annually in the U.S. The Leptospira
bacteria are found throughout the world, with more than 200
known serovars (types) infecting mammals. People and
animals are usually infected with this bacteria from drinking or
swimming in contaminated water or through contact with
fluids or tissues of infected animals. Recently in the U.S.,
there has been a significant increase in the number of cases
of canine leptospirosis caused by uncommon serovars (types)
of Leptospira.
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Dry Cow Therapy for Mastitis Control
Mastitis continues to be one of the most perplexing
and costly diseases of dairy cattle. It is estimated
producers lose approximately $200 per lactating
cow annually to this disease as a result of lowered milk
production, poor-quality milk, necessary culling of infected
cows, and the added expense of drugs and veterinary bills.
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Pinkeye in Cattle Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)
inkeye is a highly contagious infectious bacterial
disease of the eye of cattle caused by Moraxella
bovis (M. bovis). It has a worldwide distribution.
Although pinkeye is non-fatal, it has a marked economic impact
on the cattle industry. Costs resulting from decreased weight
gain, milk production, and treatment were estimated to be $150
million in the U.S. alone, according to a 1993 study.
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